基于茎段外植体的茶树组培苗快繁技术研究

李家兴; 朱俊彦; 张有泽; 朱木兰; 陈泓蓉; 任露露; 刘升锐; 姚明哲; 韦朝领

doi:10.20045/j.cnki.issn.2096-0220.2024.01.004

基于茎段外植体的茶树组培苗快繁技术研究

Efficient and Rapid Tea Plant Propagation Using Stem Explants

摘要

摘要:
目的目前，茶树组培苗繁育存在诱导出芽效率不高、繁殖系数较低等问题。因此，为提高茶树种质资源保存繁育效率，丰富保存手段与技术，建立一种高效、快速、实用的基于茎段外植体的茶树组织培养高效快繁技术体系非常必要。
方法选用来自安徽省六安市舒城县鲍家村群体种的一个国家级品种‘报春1号’作为研究试材，对该品种进行组织培养快繁技术的探索，包括消毒、定芽诱导、不定芽诱导（I期和II期）、芽伸长、以及生根等阶段。
结果离体快繁：最佳定芽诱导培养基为MS+3 mg·L⁻¹ 6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA），诱导率达82.2%；不定芽增殖I期最佳培养基为 MS基础培养基（MS）+2 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA+0.2 mg·L⁻¹ 萘乙酸（NAA），诱导率为77.78%，平均芽数为5.4个；不定芽增殖II期最佳培养基为MS+1 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA +0.3 mg·L⁻¹ NAA+2 mg·L⁻¹ 噻苯隆（TDZ），诱导芽数最多（平均值为10.43个），芽苗呈绿色，叶片舒展；不定芽伸长最佳培养基为MS+0.8 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA+0.08 mg·L⁻¹ NAA，伸长率为63.33%；不定根诱导培养基以1/2MS培养基+3 mg·L⁻¹ IBA效果较佳。
结论本研究结果建立了一种基于茎段外植体的茶树组织培养高效快繁技术，将对优良茶树品种的保存繁育及其高效利用提供理论基础。

Abstract:
Objective At present, there are some problems in the breeding of tea plant tissue culture seedlings, such as low efficiency of bud induction and low propagation coefficient. Therefore, an efficient and rapid technology to propagate tea plants using stem explants in the tissue culture was developed for preserving and breeding germplasms.
Method The stem explants of a premium tea cultivar in the nation, Baochun No.1, from the population at Baojia Village in Shucheng County, Lu'an City, Anhui, was used for the study. Propagation and preservation performances of specially designed methods of disinfection, bud induction, adventitious bud induction (Stage I and II), bud elongation, and rooting for the tissue culture experiment were evaluated.
Result The optimized media and achieved goals of the in vitro propagation method were (1) the medium formulated with MS + 3 mg 6-BA·L⁻¹ to deliver a bud induction rate of 82.2%, (2) the medium for Stage I adventitious bud proliferation contained MS + 2 mg 6-BA·L⁻¹ + 0.2 mg NAA·L⁻¹ to give a budding rate of 77.78% with an average bud count of 5.4, (3) the medium for Stage II adventitious bud proliferation of MS + 1 mg 6-BA·L⁻¹ + 0.3 mg NAA·L⁻¹ + 2 mg TDZ·L⁻¹ to yield the maximum induced bud count of 10.43 on average with green buds and spread leaves, (4) the medium of MS + 0.8 mg 6-BA·L⁻¹ + 0.08 mg NAA·L⁻¹ to produce an adventitious bud elongation at 63.33%, and (5) the medium of 1/2MS + 3 mg IBA·L⁻¹ that could only render a less than desirable growth cycle, count, and inducing frequency on adventitious roots.
Conclusion The newly developed technique for propagating high quality tea cultivars was efficient, rapid, and practical for the application at plantations. It could improve the owners’ financial return as well as the industry’s competitiveness on the market.

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