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茶树修剪物替代木屑栽培香菇的效果研究

Utilization of Tea Pruning Waste to Substitute Wood Chips for Lentinula edodes Cultivation

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探索茶树修剪枝叶替代木屑栽培香菇的可行性，获得适宜的茶树修剪枝叶添加比例，为开辟茶有机副产物资源化利用提供新途径。
    方法 以茶树修剪枝叶为替代基质原料，以0%（CK）、20%（PF-5）、40%（PF-4）、60%（PF-3）、80%（PF-2）和100%（PF-1）等质量比例替代木屑为处理，比较其对香菇菌丝体的生长速度、子实体产量和品质营养成分等的影响。
    结果 （1）杂菌感染率，添加有茶修剪枝叶的处理均低于CK，且随着替代比例的增加而下降，当替代比例≥60%时表现出与CK的显著差异。其中PF-4的菌丝体生长速度最快达1.36 mm·d−1，显著高于CK（P＜0.05），其次为PF-5（P＞0.05）；（2）单筒鲜菇产量，各替代处理的第一、二、三潮和总量均以PF-4为高（总量718.83 g·袋−1），较CK分别提高了16.20%（P＜0.05）、 9.70%、8.45%、11.78%（P＜0.05）。添加茶修剪枝叶处理的平均生物学效率，均高于CK，增幅达8.45%～33.90%，且差异均达显著水平（P＜0.05），其中又以PF-4最高为60.45%。（3）菇盖内含品质营养成分，粗蛋白含量随着收获潮次的增加而递减，其中第一潮所有茶修剪枝叶替代处理均高于CK，增幅为4.75%～9.69%；氨基酸总量也以第一潮为高且与粗蛋白含量的变化一致，其中以PF-4含量最大较CK增幅为9.96%；粗纤维含量表现为同潮次均随茶修剪枝叶替代比例的增加而递减，与CK同比其第一、二、三潮次分别下降了1.76%～37.32%、5.39%～17.12%和14.53%～49.86%。（4）茶修剪枝叶添加处理的产投比均显著高于CK（P＜0.05），增幅高达78.69%～122.95%。
    结论 利用茶修剪枝叶替代传统木屑栽培香菇不仅技术上可行，且适当的替代比例（≤40%）可起到增产提质作用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Feasibility of replacing wood chips with waste from pruning tea bushes for cultivating Lentinula edodes was evaluated for the organic material utilization.
    Method Replacement of wood chips in the conventional mushroom cultivation substrate at various rates with the pruning waste, including branches and leaves, were formulated for the experimentation. Along with no substitution (CK), 20% (PF-5), 40% (PF-4), 60% (PF-3), 80% (PF-2), and 100% (PF-1) of the wood chips normally contained in the culture substrate were replaced by the pruning waste for the treatments. Mycelial growth, disease susceptibility, fruiting body productivity, biological efficiency (BE), and nutritional quality of the shiitake mushrooms grown on the substrates in bags were determined.
    Result (1) Disease infection of the treatment mushrooms was significantly less than that of CK. It decreased with increasing wood chip replacement proportions and became significantly different at 60% substitution rate. The mushrooms of the PF-4 treatment showed the fastest mycelial growth at 1.36 mm·d−1, which was significantly higher than that of CK (P<0.05) followed by that of PF-5 (P>0.05). (2) The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd harvests of fresh mushrooms under PF-4 with a combined yield of 718.83 g·bag−1 were 16.20% (P<0.05), 9.70%, 8.45%, and 11.78% (P<0.05), respectively, higher than those under CK. The average BE of the treatments ranged 8.45%–33.90% which were significantly higher than that of control (P<0.05). That of PF-4 was the highest at 60.45%. (3) The crude protein in the pileus decreased from the 1st to the 3rd harvest with the 1st harvest being 4.75%–9.69% higher than under CK. The total amino acids paralleled crude protein with the most increase of 9.96% over CK found in mushrooms grown on PF-4. The crude fiber declined with the rounds of harvest by 1.76%–37.32% on the 1st round, 5.39%–17.12% on the 2nd round, and 14.53%–49.86% on the 3rd round as compared to CK. (4) The output/input ratios of the treatments were significantly higher than that of CK (P<0.05) with increases ranging 78.69%–122.95%.
    Conclusion Utilization of tea pruning waste to replace wood chips in the substrate for cultivating shiitake mushrooms seemed feasible. A replacement rate of equal or less than 40% could significantly improve the yield as well as the quality of shiitake mushrooms.

     

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