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‘梅占’与‘福云6号’茶树品种的茶橙瘿螨抗性差异及其与叶片形态结构、生化成分的相关性

Correlation Between Resistance to Acaphylla theae and Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Tea Plants

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 通过对茶橙瘿螨螨口数量与茸毛密度、叶面积、光合色素含量与生化成分含量进行相关性分析，明确‘梅占’与‘福云6号’茶树中的抗茶橙瘿螨成分，为田间防治和育种材料筛选提供依据。
    方法 田间采集‘梅占’与‘福云6号’茶树叶片，调查其茶橙瘿螨种群数量，体视显微镜统计叶片茸毛密度，游标卡尺测量叶长、叶宽与叶面积；分光光度法测定叶片光合色素、游离氨基酸、茶多酚和总黄酮含量，HPLC法测定咖啡碱以及柚皮素、槲皮素、杨梅素、芹菜素等黄酮组分含量；以及评价不同品种形态结构和生化成分含量与其对茶橙瘿螨抗性间的相关性。
    结果 ‘福云6号’上茶橙瘿螨种群数量明显高于‘梅占’上的种群数量。‘福云6号’的叶面积和茸毛密度显著高于 ‘梅占’的叶面积和茸毛密度， ‘福云6号’叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量显著高于‘梅占’中的含量。 ‘梅占’新梢中咖啡碱、总黄酮、柚皮素、槲皮素、杨梅素和芹菜素含量显著高于‘福云6号’中的含量。相关性分析表明，叶片螨口数量与柚皮苷、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、叶长等呈显著正相关，与叶面积呈极显著正相关，而与柚皮素和槲皮素呈极显著负相关。
    结论 ‘梅占’品种对茶橙瘿螨的抗性强于‘福云6号’。叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、槲皮素、柚皮素等成分可能是关键性抗生物质。该研究为茶橙瘿螨综合治理及以抗性育种提供理论依据。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Correlation between the resistance to infestation and the leaf morphological properties and chemical composition of tea plants was investigated for improved pest control and new variety breeding.
    Method Natural Acaphylla theae population dynamics at the planting fields of ‘Meizhan’ and ‘Fuyun 6’ tea bushes were monitored. Leaves of the plants at the lots were collected to measure the trichome density under a stereomicroscope, leaf area with a vernier caliper, contents of free amino acids, photosynthetic pigments, tea polyphenols, and total flavonoids by spectrophotometry, and caffeine and flavonoid components including naringenin, quercetin, myricetin, apigenin using HPLC. Statistically, the mite population was correlated to the leaf morphology and chemistry of the tea cultivars at a same field.
    Result The population of A. theae at the ‘Fuyun 6’ lot was significantly more numerous than at the ‘Meizhan’ lot. And the area, trichome density, and contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll of the leaves of ‘Fuyun 6’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Meizhan’ plants. However, the young ‘Meizhan’ shoots contained significantly more caffeine, total flavonoids, naringenin, quercetin, myricetin, and apigenin than the ‘Fuyun 6’ counterparts. A significant positive correlation was observed between the A. theae density of leaf and the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, naringin and the leaf length, a highly significant positive correlation with leaf area, while the correlation was negative between the pest population and the content of naringenin and quercetin.
    Conclusion According to the surveyed A. theae population in the fields, ‘Meizhan’ tea bushes appeared more resistant to A. theae infestation than did ‘Fuyun 6’. The biochemicals responsible for the differentiation might include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, quercetin and naringenin contained in the leaves of the different varieties of tea cultivars. This study provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive management of A. theae and resistance breeding.

     

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