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白茶萎凋过程叶片微形态动态变化规律

Changes in Foliar Micromorphology of White Tea during Withering

  • 摘要: 观察茶树叶片在萎凋过程的微形态特征,探究白茶萎凋过程中茶树叶片微形态的动态变化规律。使用冷场发射扫描电镜,对5个萎凋时间(0、12、24、36、48 h)处理的福鼎大白茶叶片进行微形态特征观察,对茶树叶片的表面纹饰、气孔、茸毛特征性状进行统计并分析。在萎凋过程中,茶树叶片蜡质纹饰初始为波浪状,随萎凋时间增加,纹饰逐渐变成皱脊状;茸毛纹饰皆为长条形;气孔形状皆为长卵形,具异性气孔(腺鳞)。在萎凋过程中,外气孔长、外气孔宽、内气孔长、内气孔宽和气孔器大小均先增大后减小;气孔密度(286.44±20.41)~(423.78±35.14)个·mm-2,先减小后增大,呈正相关;茸毛密度(6.89±0.96)~(15.25±1.87)根·mm-2,随萎凋时间增加逐渐增大,呈正相关。白茶萎凋过程中茶树叶片不同微形态性状呈现不同的动态变化规律。蜡质纹饰逐渐皱缩成脊;内外气孔长宽和气孔器大小先增大后减小,气孔密度先减小后增大,茸毛密度持续增大,且都与萎凋时间呈二项式相关;而气孔开度、茸毛直径、茸毛长度、茸毛纹饰无显著变化。

     

    Abstract: Micromorphologicalcharacteristics of tea leaves during withering were examined to decipher thedynamic changes taken place in the process of white tea. Under a cold field emission scanning electron microscope, themorphological characteristics of the epidermal ornamentations, stomata, andtrichomes of the leaves of Camelliasinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha at 5 withering stages were examined.During withering, the initial wavy appearance of the epidermal ornamentationsgradually turned into wrinkled ridges as the process progressed. Whereas thetrichome ornamentations remained in the shape of long strips and the stomatalong ovate with heterosexual stomata (gland scales) throughout. Meanwhile, the length and width of outer and inner stomata as well as thestomatal size increased at first but declined afterward; the stomatal density rosefrom 286.44±20.41· mm-2 to 423.78±35.14·mm-2 positively correlating with the withering time; andthe trichome density also increased from 6.89±0.96·mm-2 to 15.25±1.187·mm-2 with time. On the other hand, no significant changes in the stomatal opening, thediameter, and the length or pattern of the trichomes were observed throughoutthe entire process.

     

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