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安溪铁观音茶园化肥减施增效技术模式研究

Fertilizer Conservation and Efficiency Improvement forTieguanyin Tea Cultivation in Anxi

  • 摘要: 2018~2020年通过田间定位试验研究专用肥、有机替代、新型肥料、新型肥料+有机肥和炭基肥5种化肥减施增效技术模式对安溪铁观音茶园土壤肥力、茶叶产量和品质的影响,并比较了不同模式的养分利用效率和经济效益。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,5种化肥减施增效技术模式减少化肥养分投入33%~53%(总养分投入量减少17%~41%),茶叶年产量平均提高4.21%~9.18%,茶叶品质不同程度改善,年平均净增收0.08~0.62万元·hm-2。其中,专用肥模式土壤pH提高0.34,茶鲜叶年平均产量提高5.55%,茶叶感官品质明显提升;新梢养分回收率提高6.42个百分点,养分农学效率提高89.19%。有机替代模式土壤pH提高0.58,有效镁、钙含量分别提高52.27%和221.89%;茶鲜叶年平均产量提高6.39%,茶叶感官品质最优;新梢养分回收率提高3.37个百分点,养分农学效率提高56.76%。专用肥和有机替代两种化肥减施增效技术模式在安溪铁观音茶园适应性较好。

     

    Abstract: A field experimentation designed by using 5 differentapproaches to conserve fertilizer and improve efficiency on chemical fertilization was conducted from 2018-2020. Effects ofthe various fertilization methods on soil fertility as well as tea yield andquality were analyzed. Agronomic efficiency and economic benefits of theexperimental approaches were evaluated. The results showed that all 5 testedapplications reduced the chemical fertilizer use by 33-53%, or a total nutrientinput by 17-41%, while increased the fresh tea leaf yield by 4.21-9.18% along with varying degrees ofimprovement on tea quality and anincrease on annual revenue of 800-6,200 CNY per hm2. Among thevarious methods, the specially designed fertilizationraised 5.55% on yield, 89.19% on nutrient agronomic efficiency, 6.42% on fertilizerutilization rate, and 0.34 on soil pH. The organic fertilizer substitution, onthe other hand, increased 6.39% on tea yield, 3.37% on fertilizer utilizationrate, 52.27% on availablemagnesium, 221.89% on calcium,and 0.58 on soil pH. Although all approachescould improve the Teiquanyin tea cultivation, the speciallydesigned fertilizer and the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer delivered superior performanceand were recommended for extended applications at tea plantations in Anxi.

     

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