Abstract: Composition and diversity ofthe rhizosphere bacterial community in plantation soils of 10 different teavarieties from a same plot were studied with illumina high-throughput 16S rRNAsequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The results showed the dominant phyla inthe various rhizosphere communities with basically a similar structure to beProteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteriota, while Acidobacteriales predominant inabundance at the genus level. In the soils associated with different teacultivars, the differences among the communities lied mainly in the populationabundance. For instance, Acidobacteriales was the main genus associated with the cultivar ‘Jian bohuang’ (JBH), ‘Maoxie’ (MX),‘Shuyong No 1’ (SY1), and ‘Baiye No 1’ (BY1), Rohee with ‘Zhenghe dabaicha’ (ZHDBC) at 10.04%, and JG30-KF-AS9with ‘Fo shou’ (FS) at 7.51%. The bacterial diversity at the community on the‘Zhongcha No 302’ (ZC302) lot was significantly different from those on thelots planted with the other 9 cultivars, and the abundance and diversityindices the lowest of all.