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‘白芽奇兰’施肥效应及其氮磷钾适宜用量研究

Optimized N, P, K, and Organic Fertilizations for Baiya Qilan Tea

  • 摘要: 为探讨平和县白芽奇兰品种的施肥效应及其推荐施肥量,在该县茶叶主产区设置了定位2年的氮磷钾化肥和有机肥田间肥效试验。系统聚类分析表明,根据茶青产量水平,可将茶园分为“高”、“中”、“低”产3种类型,其空白区和平衡施肥的茶青产量均值具有显著水平差异。施用氮磷钾化肥和有机肥的茶青平均增产13.9%、5.5%、11.3%和11.6%,其中高产茶园的氮磷肥增产效果大于中、低产茶园,但钾肥和有机肥在低产茶园的增产效应明显高于“高”产茶园。高、中产茶园施用氮肥的净增收高于磷钾肥和有机肥,在低产茶园施用氮钾肥和有机肥的净增收大致相当,磷肥的施肥效益最低。对茶青增产效应和净增收的分析表明,茶园的氮磷钾化肥和有机肥的适宜施用量平均分别为N 347 kg·hm-2、P2O5 105 kg·hm-2、K2O 116 kg·hm-2和商品有机肥3750 kg·hm-2,高、中产茶园要重视合理施用氮钾肥,在低产茶园上要特别重视有机肥和化肥的配合施用。

     

    Abstract: An experimentation on the N, P, K, and manure fertilizations was conducted in the tea producing areas in Pinghe County for two consecutive years to study the responses of Baiya Qilan tea to the various fertilizations for a recommendation on the cultivation. Based on tea yield, a system clustering analysis divided the plantations into high-, medium-, and low-yield classes. Regardless of their classifications, significant differences were observed on the average leaf yields between the plants under control and balanced fertilization applied on the plantations. The increases on yield over control due to the N, P, K, and manure fertilizations averaged 13.9%, 5.5%, 11.3%, and 11.6%, respectively. Among the plantations of different classes, N or P fertilizer showed a highest effect in the high-yield field. On the other hand, K or manure was more effective in the low-yield than the high-yield field. The net revenue of the high- or medium-yield tea plantation with N fertilization was higher than that of P, K, or manure. At the low-yield plantations, N or K rendered a similar financial return as manure fertilization did; while P, the least among all. Accordingly, it was concluded that, on average, the optimum application rates for the tea plantations on N, P, K, and commercial organic fertilizers were 347 kg N·hm-2, 105 kg P2O5·hm-2, 116 kg K2O·hm-2, and 3,750 kg·hm-2, respectively. And, for the medium- and low-yield plantations, it would be most effective and desirable to use appropriate applications of N and K; whereas, for the low-yield tea fields, a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers was recommended.

     

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